Learning to program = learning to construct mechanisms and explanations
Communications of the ACM
SLAW (abstract only): a language free environment—future directions and research
CSC '87 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer Science
Solution of a problem in concurrent programming control
Communications of the ACM - Special 25th Anniversary Issue
Program development by stepwise refinement
Communications of the ACM
PASES: a programming environment for PASCAL
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
The establishment and application of a metric for graphical design language (abstract)
CSC '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM annual conference on Cooperation
CSC '91 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer Science
Information science (abstract and references only): managing the software lifecycle
CSC '91 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer Science
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During the past several years, software engineers have developed various programming environments to aid in the software development process. Some of these environments, serving as pedagogical tools have focused on the coding phase (Chandhok et al 1985), (Johnson and Soloway 1983) and (Shapiro et al 1981). It is a firm belief that the emphasis, especially with novice programmers, should be placed upon the design phase. The tools developed should aid in the step-wise decomposition of the problem. This view has been stated by researchers (Dijkstra 1968), (Soloway 1986) and (Wirth 1971). Doran (1986, 1987, 1988) developed an environment based upon a graphical tree representation of an algorithm. This tree, developed and refined by Law (1986), is called a structure chart. These structure charts were used to allow introductory level students to design algorithms for their programming problems. The environment, SLAW, was created to allow students to create these charts and also allows for automatic translation into various programming languages. SLAW has been used in classroom settings in an attempt to allow students who know one language to acquire the syntax of others quickly and easily (Doran 1986). Doran (1988) also developed a prototype system to add intelligent tutoring powers to the environment.