Frontend Frequency-Voltage Adaptation for Optimal Energy-Delay^2

  • Authors:
  • Grigorios Magklis;Jose Gonzalez;Antonio Gonzalez

  • Affiliations:
  • Intel Barcelona Research Center;Intel Barcelona Research Center;Intel Barcelona Research Center

  • Venue:
  • ICCD '04 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Design
  • Year:
  • 2004

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Abstract

In this paper we present a clustered, multiple-clock domain (CMCD) microarchitecture that combines the benefits of both clustering and Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) designs. We also present a mechanism for dynamically adapting the frequency and voltage of the frontend of the CMCD with the goal to optimize the energy-delay^2 product (ED2P). Our mechanism has minimal hardware cost, is entirely self-adjustable, does not depend on any thresholds, and achieves results close to optimal. We evaluate it on 16 SPEC 2000 applications and report 17.5% ED2P reduction on average (80% of the upper bound).