Independent front-end and back-end dynamic voltage scaling for a GALS microarchitecture
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Meeting points: using thread criticality to adapt multicore hardware to parallel regions
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM international symposium on Low-power electronics and design
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In this paper we present a clustered, multiple-clock domain (CMCD) microarchitecture that combines the benefits of both clustering and Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) designs. We also present a mechanism for dynamically adapting the frequency and voltage of the frontend of the CMCD with the goal to optimize the energy-delay^2 product (ED2P). Our mechanism has minimal hardware cost, is entirely self-adjustable, does not depend on any thresholds, and achieves results close to optimal. We evaluate it on 16 SPEC 2000 applications and report 17.5% ED2P reduction on average (80% of the upper bound).