Problems in application software maintenance
Communications of the ACM
Characteristics of application software maintenance
Communications of the ACM
ICSE '76 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering
Reconstrucing the systems development organization
MIS Quarterly
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Numerous studies have found that subsequent application software maintenance requires a significant amount of a data processing department's resources. Some of the major research in this area [1, 2, 3, 4] revealed the following:• in 1972, 30.1 percent of total programmer effort was devoted to maintenance• in 1978 twenty percent of the systems studied had allocated eighty-five percent of their annual analyst and programming hours to maintenance.• in 1979 as high as seventy-five percent of systems and data processing recourses were spent on application maintenance• a study determined that half of a data processing department's staff time was devoted to maintenance