Comparison of the Programming Languages C and Pascal
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
FORTRAN Optimization
PASCAL user manual and report
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FORTRAN, as we have seen, was the first high-level language. Since its introduction it has faced "competition" from a variety of sources, the principal ones being ALGOL and PL/1 in the 1960's, PASCAL in the 1970's, and presumably ADA in the coming decade.