Structured programming
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The first extensive investigation of speech errors, i.e., utterances which in some way deviate from the intended or target utterances, is probably that of Rudolf Meringer (1,2), whose published collection of over eight thousand German speech, reading, hearing, and writing errors has been a rich source of data for several subsequent generations of researchers. Over the years, speech error data have come to be regarded as a kind of "window" into linguistic mental processes which can provide the investigator with empirical evidence for testing hypotheses about language and language behavior. Current interest in errors of speech is reflected in Speech Errors as Linguistic Evidence, where the subject is approached from widely varying theoretical angles (3).