Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust”
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless integrated network sensors
Communications of the ACM
Design techniques for low-power systems
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Highly-resilient, energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Advances in Distributed Sensor Integration; Application and Theory
Advances in Distributed Sensor Integration; Application and Theory
Wireless sensor networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Energy saving and capacity improvement potential of power control in multi-hop wireless networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Mobile and ad hoc local networks
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND NETWORK CONNECTIVITY OF MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
ICDCS '03 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Conserving Transmission Power in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
ICNP '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols
Minimum energy mobile wireless networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
Energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks for health communication systems
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
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Energy is the most critical resource in the life of a wireless sensor node. Therefore, its usage must be optimized to maximize the network life. It is known that for higher path loss exponent values, utilizing shorter communication links reduces the transmitter energy, whenever the radio equipment has power adjustment capability. Although the transmitter energy is one of the major factors of total energy dissipation, neglecting the overhead energy could result in suboptimal energy usage. Routing algorithms should also be concerned about the overhead energy which is wasted at each hop of data transfer. In this paper, we investigate the use of multi-hop communication links and compare the amount of energy gain upon alternative routes using analytical techniques. We show that employing multi-hop links does not always result in energy gain, and try to quantify situations when it is advantageous. The analytical results are used in routing decisions and their effect in energy efficiency is validated using simulations. Moreover, we also quantify the gain achieved in terms of lifetime by considering overhead energy on power adjustable sensors for different environmental conditions. We show that the network lifetime can dramatically decrease, if the overhead energy component is neglected during routing decisions.