Nowhere-zero flow polynomials

  • Authors:
  • Shmuel Onn

  • Affiliations:
  • Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32 000 Haifa, Israel

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A
  • Year:
  • 2004

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Abstract

In this article, we introduce certain flow polynomials associated with digraphs and use them to study nowhere-zero flows from a commutative algebraic perspective. Using Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, we establish a relation between nowhere-zero flows and dual flows. For planar graphs this gives a relation between nowhere-zero flows and flows of their planar duals. It also yields an appealing proof that every bridgeless triangulated graph has a nowhere-zero four-flow.