The importance of percent-done progress indicators for computer-human interfaces
CHI '85 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usability Engineering
Voice User Interface Design
Making progress with sounds - the design & evaluation of an audio progress bar
ICAD'98 Proceedings of the 1998 international conference on Auditory Display
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In this user study, we address several open issues in the design of waiting cues for system response time (SRT) in interactive telephony speech applications. User observations and structured preference tests indicate that silent waiting times should not be longer than 4 -- 8 seconds. Already at short durations, music combined with speech was favored to silence. A preference test regarding several non-speech waiting cues proposed in literature suggests that music is preferred to more simple synthetic sounds and to natural sounds. The continuous indication of the remaining waiting time by speech was rated as much more pleasant and appropriate than a non-speech audio progress meter. Commercial announcements and navigational advice during waiting times were not accepted by the subjects. Empirically based guidelines for a maximum waiting duration in voice services is given. Implications for the design of auditory waiting cues for SRT are discussed.