Communications of the ACM
Codes and cryptography
User models in dialog systems
C4.5: programs for machine learning
C4.5: programs for machine learning
An introduction to computational learning theory
An introduction to computational learning theory
Looking for the bright side of user interface agents
interactions
An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications (2nd ed.)
An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications (2nd ed.)
Affective computing
Learning to extract symbolic knowledge from the World Wide Web
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Using plan recognition in human-computer collaboration
UM '99 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling
A hybrid user model for news story classification
UM '99 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling
Learning models of other agents using influence diagrams
UM '99 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling
Creating an empirical basis for adaptation decisions
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Adaptive interfaces for ubiquitous web access
Communications of the ACM - The Adaptive Web
Computational Complexity of Machine Learning
Computational Complexity of Machine Learning
Information Retrieval
Expert Systems and Probabiistic Network Models
Expert Systems and Probabiistic Network Models
Probabilistic Networks and Expert Systems
Probabilistic Networks and Expert Systems
Human-Computer Interaction
COLLAGEN: A Collaboration Manager for Software Interface Agents
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Machine Learning for User Modeling
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Learning Logical Definitions from Relations
Machine Learning
From Interaction Data to Plan Libraries: A Clustering Approach
IJCAI '99 Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Adaptive interfaces and agents
The human-computer interaction handbook
Bayesian Event Classification for Intrusion Detection
ACSAC '03 Proceedings of the 19th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
A plan-based analysis of indirect speech acts
Computational Linguistics
Discourse models, dialog memories, and user models
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on user modeling
Learning patterns in ambient intelligence environments: a survey
Artificial Intelligence Review
Discovering frequent user--environment interactions in intelligent environments
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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Machine learning seems to offer the solution to many problems in user modelling. However, one tends to run into similar problems each time one tries to apply out-of-the-box solutions to machine learning. This article closely relates the user modelling problem to the machine learning problem. It explicates some inherent dilemmas that are likely to be overlooked when applying machine learning algorithms in user modelling. Some examples illustrate how specific approaches deliver satisfying results and discuss underlying assumptions on the domain or how learned hypotheses relate to the requirements on the user model. Finally, some new or underestimated approaches offering promising perspectives in combined systems are discussed. The article concludes with a tentative ‘‘checklist” that one might like to consider when planning to apply machine learning to user modelling techniques.