Tree-walking automata do not recognize all regular languages

  • Authors:
  • Mikolaj Bojanczyk;Thomas Colcombet

  • Affiliations:
  • Warsaw University and LIAFA, Paris, France;Warsaw University and IRISA-CNRS

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the thirty-seventh annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Tree-walking automata are a natural sequential model for recognizing tree languages. Every tree language recognized by a tree-walking automaton is regular. In this paper, we present a tree language which is regular but not recognized by any (nondeterministic) tree-walking automaton. This settles a conjecture of Engelfriet, Hoogeboom and Van Best. Moreover, the separating tree language is definable already in first-order logic over a signature containing the left-son, right-son and ancestor relations.