Dimers, tilings and trees

  • Authors:
  • Richard W. Kenyon;Scott Sheffield

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, Washington

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B - Special issue dedicated to professor W. T. Tutte
  • Year:
  • 2004

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Abstract

Generalizing results of Temperley (London Mathematical Society Lecture Notes Series 13 (1974) 202), Brooks et al. (Duke Math. J. 7 (1940) 312) and others (Electron. J. Combin. 7 (2000); Israel J. Math. 105 (1998) 61) we describe a natural equivalence between three planar objects: weighted bipartite planar graphs; planar Markov chains; and tilings with convex polygons. This equivalence provides a measure-preserving bijection between dimer coverings of a weighted bipartite planar graph and spanning trees of the corresponding Markov chain. The tilings correspond to harmonic functions on the Markov chain and to "discrete analytic functions" on the bipartite graph.The equivalence is extended to infinite periodic graphs, and we classify the resulting "almost periodic" tilings and harmonic functions.