Energy-Efficient Replica Voting Mechanisms for Secure Real-Time Embedded Systems

  • Authors:
  • K. A. Kwiat;K. Ravindran;P. Hurley

  • Affiliations:
  • Air Force Research Laboratory;City University of New York;Air Force Research Laboratory

  • Venue:
  • WOWMOM '05 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Symposium on World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

The paper employs majority voting among replica processes to move a correct data from the environment to the end-user entity in a secure real-time application setting. The replicas may be wireless computation nodes deployed in a power-constrained environment, and the data may be quite large in size with non-numeric and non-exact contents (e.g., imaging devices in a geographic terrain). The voting protocol is made energy-efficient by reducing the amount of data processing and network-level message exchanges required in delivering a data to the user. Our optimization takes into account: i) processing cycles expended in comparing data, ii) amount of replica data movement required, and iii) number of control messages generated. We consider two types of voting protocol: a ýcentralizedý scheme where replica data are collected at a secure power-abundant site to carry out the data comparisons for voting; and a ýdecentralizedý scheme where each replica compares its locally computed data with a candidate data to send its consent/dissent message to a central vote collating site. The paper develops a performance model that considers the tradeoffs (i)-(iii) to determine the energy consumption levels in the centralized and decentralized voting schemes. Our model allows the voting apparatus to select an energy-optipmal scheme, given the timeliness parameters and the network and processing bandwidths.