Linear equations, arithmetic progressions and hypergraph property testing

  • Authors:
  • Noga Alon;Asaf Shapira

  • Affiliations:
  • Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

  • Venue:
  • SODA '05 Proceedings of the sixteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

For a fixed k-uniform hypergraph D (k-graph for short, k ≥ 3), we say that a k-graph H satisfies property PD (resp. P*D) if it contains no copy (resp. induced copy) of D. Our goal in this paper is to classify the k-graphs D for which there are property-testers for testing PD and P*D whose query complexity is polynomial in 1/ε. For such k-graphs, we say that PD (or P*D) is easily testable.For P*D, we prove that aside from a single 3-graph, P*D is easily testable if and only if D is a single k-edge. For large k, we obtain stronger lower bounds than those obtained for the general case on the query complexity of testing P*D for any D other than the single k-edge. These bounds are proved by applying a more sophisticated technique than the basic one that works for all k. These results extend and improve previous results about graphs [5] and k-graphs [18].For PD, we show that for any k-partite k-graph D, PD, is easily testable, by giving an efficient one-sided error-property tester, which improves the one obtained by [18]. We further prove a nearly matching lower bound on the query complexity of such a property-tester. Finally, we give a sufficient condition for inferring that PD is not easily testable. Though our results do not supply a complete characterization of the k-graphs for which PD is easily testable, they are a natural extension of the previous results about graphs [1].Our proofs combine results and arguments from additive number theory, linear algebra and extremal hypergraph theory. We also develop new techniques, which are of independent interest. The first is a construction of a dense set of integers, which does not contain a subset that satisfies a certain set of linear equations. The second is an algebraic construction of certain extremal hypergraphs. We demonstrate the applicability of this last construction by resolving several cases of an open problem raised by Brown, Erdös and Sós in 1973. These two techniques have already been applied in two recent subsequent papers [6], [27].