Software—Practice & Experience
Introducing mNUMA: an extended PGAS architecture
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Partitioned Global Address Space Programming Model
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A Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) system provides a distributed application with a shared virtual address space. This article proposes a design for implementing the DSM communication layer on top of the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA), an industry standard for user-level networking protocols on high-speed clusters. User-level communication protocols operate in user mode, thus removing the operating system kernel's overhead from the critical communication pass, and significantly diminishing communication overhead as a result. We analyze VIA's facilities and limitations in order to ascertain which implementation trade-offs can be best applied to our development of an efficient communication substrate optimized for DSM requirements. We then implement a multithreaded version of the Home-based Lazy Release Consistency (HLRC) protocol on top of this substrate. In addition, we compare the performance of this HLRC protocol with that of the Sequential Consistency (SC) protocol in which a M ultiV iew (MV) memory mapping technique was used. This technique enables a fine-grained access to shared memory, while still relying on the virtual memory hardware to track memory accesses. We perform an ‘apple-to-apple’ comparison on the same testbed environment and benchmark suite, and investigate the effectiveness and scalability of both protocols. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.