Image processing

  • Authors:
  • Mohan M. Trivedi

  • Affiliations:
  • -

  • Venue:
  • Encyclopedia of Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

Digital image processing deals with the systematic manipulation of an input image to produce an output image that is better suited for viewing or subsequent analysis. The processed images are either examined by a human observer, such as a radiologist viewing an X-ray, or they form input to an automatic machine vision system. The machine vision system then analyzes the image to derive an interpretation of the scene. A digital image is represented as a discrete two-dimensional array of numbers. Each element in the array is known as a pixel (for picture element). These pixels are assigned values that correspond to the relative brightness of the tiny portions of the image that they depict. These values are known as gray levels. Digital image processing deals with the systematic manipulation of the pixel gray levels and their distribution.