Internetworking with TCP/IP: principles, protocols, and architecture
Internetworking with TCP/IP: principles, protocols, and architecture
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TCP/IP is an abbreviation for two protocols within the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). The abbreviations stand for "Transmission Control Protocol" (historically, the "P" stood for "Program") and "Internet Protocol". These are the protocols which allow transport of information from one "host" (q.v.) to another (i.e. from one end to the other of connection) and were developed in the mid-1970s in order to provide connection between Arpanet and other networks being developed (e.g. SATNET) since the original Arpanet protocols were only relevant to a single network. IPS is the name of the suite of protocols used on the Internet. In functionality, the IPS protocols are similar to the Open Systems Interconnection (OST) protocols (ISO/IEC 7498) and, indeed, it is feasible to run the higher level OSI protocols over the lower level IPS protocols (TCP/IP) by means of a simple interface described in Internet RFC (Request for Comments) 1006. TCP/IP was provided as the main communication protocol for computers using the Unix (q.v.) operating system (and variations) but is now available on a wide range of computers, especially personal computers (PCs). The various protocols are defined in Internet RFCs; those which are recognized as IAB (Internet Architecture Board) official standards are defined as such and are published in an RFC which is regularly updated (as of September 1999 the version is RFC 2500, June 1999). This document includes other relevant information.