Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
Wearable Computers as Packet Transport Mechanisms in Highly-Partitioned Ad-Hoc Networks
ISWC '01 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Routing in a delay tolerant network
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Routing in multi-radio, multi-hop wireless mesh networks
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Mitigating congestion in wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Low-cost communication for rural internet kiosks using mechanical backhaul
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Contention-aware analysis of routing schemes for mobile opportunistic networks
Proceedings of the 1st international MobiSys workshop on Mobile opportunistic networking
Evaluating contacts for routing in highly partitioned mobile networks
Proceedings of the 1st international MobiSys workshop on Mobile opportunistic networking
Prioritized epidemic routing for opportunistic networks
Proceedings of the 1st international MobiSys workshop on Mobile opportunistic networking
Practical Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
DTN routing as a resource allocation problem
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Towards a formalism for routing in challenged networks
Proceedings of the second ACM workshop on Challenged networks
Diversity of forwarding paths in pocket switched networks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
DTLSR: delay tolerant routing for developing regions
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Networked systems for developing regions
Characterizing pairwise inter-contact patterns in delay tolerant networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Autonomic computing and communication systems
Distributed community detection in delay tolerant networks
Proceedings of 2nd ACM/IEEE international workshop on Mobility in the evolving internet architecture
Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: the single-copy case
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: the multiple-copy case
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Bubble rap: social-based forwarding in delay tolerant networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Forwarding in opportunistic networks with resource constraints
Proceedings of the third ACM workshop on Challenged networks
A survey of message diffusion protocols in mobile ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools
PEON: privacy-enhanced opportunistic networks with applications in assistive environments
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
E-PROPHET: a novel routing protocol for intermittently connected wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing: Connecting the World Wirelessly
Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Challenged networks
A low-energy, multi-copy inter-contact routing protocol for disaster response networks
SECON'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
Buffer aware routing in interplanetary ad hoc network
COMSNETS'09 Proceedings of the First international conference on COMmunication Systems And NETworks
Exploiting social interactions in mobile systems
UbiComp '07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Delivery guarantees in predictable disruption tolerant networks
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Replication routing in DTNs: a resource allocation approach
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Probabilistic routing using contact sequencing in delay tolerant networks
COMSNETS'10 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on COMmunication systems and NETworks
Back-pressure routing for intermittently connected networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Opportunistic shortest path forwarding in delay tolerant networks
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Future Internet Technologies
Back-pressure routing and rate control for ICNs
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A Socratic method for validation of measurement-based networking research
Computer Communications
A sociability-based routing scheme for delay-tolerant networks
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on opportunistic and delay tolerant networks
Cost-effective multiperiod spraying for routing in delay-tolerant networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Price: Hybrid geographic and co-based forwarding in delay-tolerant networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A survey of routing protocols and simulations in delay-tolerant networks
WASA'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Wireless algorithms, systems, and applications
Group based routing in disconnected ad hoc networks
HiPC'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on High Performance Computing
ARDEN: Anonymous networking in delay tolerant networks
Ad Hoc Networks
Routing characterization in volatile connectivity environments
Proceedings of the 6th Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems
Timescale decoupled routing and rate control in intermittently connected networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Security and Communication Networks
Estimating end-to-end delays under changing conditions
Proceedings of the 8th ACM MobiCom workshop on Challenged networks
ExMin: A routing metric for novel opportunity gain in Delay Tolerant Networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) have the potential to connect devices and areas of the world that are under-served by current networks. A critical challenge for DTNs is determining routes through the network without ever having an end-to-end connection, or even knowing which "routers" will be connected at any given time. Prior approaches have focused either on epidemic message replication or on knowledge of the connectivity schedule. The epidemic approach of replicating messages to all nodes is expensive and does not appear to scale well with increasing load. It can, however, operate without any prior network configuration. The alternatives, by requiring a priori connectivity knowledge, appear infeasible for a self-configuring network.In this paper we present a practical routing protocol that only uses observed information about the network. We designed a metric that estimates how long a message will have to wait before it can be transferred to the next hop. The topology is distributed using a link-state routing protocol, where the link-state packets are "flooded" using epidemic routing. The routing is recomputed when connections are established. Messages are exchanged if the topology suggests that a connected node is "closer" than the current node.We demonstrate through simulation that our protocol provides performance similar to that of schemes that have global knowledge of the network topology, yet without requiring that knowledge. Further, it requires a significantly smaller quantity of buffer, suggesting that our approach will scale with the number of messages in the network, where replication approaches may not.