An introduction to signal detection and estimation (2nd ed.)
An introduction to signal detection and estimation (2nd ed.)
Digital Communication: Third Edition
Digital Communication: Third Edition
Blind channel estimation and data detection using hidden Markovmodels
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Serial concatenation of interleaved codes: performance analysis, design, and iterative decoding
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Blind and nonblind turbo estimation for fast fading GSM channels
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Iterative decoding of convolutionally encoded signals over multipath Rayleigh fading channels
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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The application of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to channel estimation results in a well-known iterative channel-and-symbol estimator (ICSE). The EM-ICSE iterates between a symbol estimator based on the forward-backward recursion (BCJR equalizer) and a channel estimator, and may provide approximate maximum-likelihood blind or semiblind channel estimates. Nevertheless, the EM-ICSE has high complexity, and it is prone to misconvergence. In this paper, we propose the extended-window (EW) estimator, a novel channel estimator for ICSE that can be used with any soft-output symbol estimator. Therefore, the symbol estimator may be chosen according to performance or complexity specifications. We show that the EW-ICSE, an ICSE that uses the EW estimator and the BCJR equalizer, is less complex and less susceptible to misconvergence than the EM-ICSE. Simulation results reveal that the EW-ICSE may converge faster than the EM-ICSE.