PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust”
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Source-oriented topology aggregation with multiple QoS parameters in hierarchical networks
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Energy-aware routing in MANETs: analysis and enhancements
MSWiM '02 Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
An on-demand minimum energy routing protocol for a wireless ad hoc network
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Mobile Agents for Adaptive Routing
HICSS '98 Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 7 - Volume 7
Investigating Performance of Power-Aware Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
MobiWac '02 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mobility and Wireless Access
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
ARA - The Ant-Colony Based Routing Algorithm for MANETs
ICPPW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops
Minimum energy disjoint path routing in wireless ad-hoc networks
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Ants and reinforcement learning: a case study in routing in dynamic networks
IJCAI'97 Proceedings of the Fifteenth international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 2
A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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In this paper, we present an ant-based multipath routing protocol that considers both energy and latency. Energy efficiency is an important issue in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) since node energy supplies are stored in batteries. In order to increase the network lifetime it is important to maximize the minimum node energy along the path. As the network topology changes, failures may occur on active routes, resulting in the need for new route discoveries if only single routes per flow are maintained. Frequent new route discovery would, however, increase routing overhead and increase mean and peak packet latency. Using multiple routes simultaneously per flow can be a solution to these problems. In a multipath context, we consider mobile ad-hoc communication networks with dual-priority traffic: latency-critical and not latency-critical. For latency-critical traffic, energy-pheromone and delay-pheromone metrics are combined after being normalized so that their respective significance is preserved. For not latency-critical traffic, only energy-pheromone metrics are used.