Cryptography In the Bounded Quantum-Storage Model

  • Authors:
  • Ivan B. Damgard;Serge Fehr;Louis Salvail;Christian Schaffner

  • Affiliations:
  • Ivan B. Damgard;Serge Fehr;Louis Salvail;Christian Schaffner

  • Venue:
  • FOCS '05 Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

We initiate the study of two-party cryptographic primitives with unconditional security, assuming that the adversary驴s quantum memory is of bounded size. We show that oblivious transfer and bit commitment can be implemented in this model using protocols where honest parties need no quantum memory, whereas an adversarial player needs quantum memory of size at least n/2 in order to break the protocol, where n is the number of qubits transmitted. This is in sharp contrast to the classical bounded-memory model, where we can only tolerate adversaries with memory of size quadratic in honest players驴 memory size. Our protocols are efficient, non-interactive and can be implemented using today驴s technology. On the technical side, a new entropic uncertainty relation involving min-entropy is established.