The human-like emotions recognition using mutual information and semantic clues
Edutainment'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on E-learning and games, edutainment technologies
Combining classifiers in multimodal affect detection
AusDM '12 Proceedings of the Tenth Australasian Data Mining Conference - Volume 134
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This paper discusses the use of a combination of support vector machine and decision tree learning for recognizing four emotions in speech, which are Neutral, Angry, Lombard, and Loud. The base features selected were pitch, derivative of pitch, energy, speaking rate, formants, bandwidths, and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. Three methods of combining learned support vector machine and decision tree classifiers were proposed, namely, minimum misclassification, maximum accuracy, and dominant class. Using the Speech Under Simulated and Actual Stress database, the average accuracy from the minimum misclassification, maximum accuracy, and dominant class methods were 72.4%, 70.8%, 71.3% respectively as opposed to 63.9% and 67.4% which were obtained by using support vector machine and decision tree learning alone.