Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity
Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity
Artificial Life
A classification of long-term evolutionary dynamics
ALIFE Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Artificial life
Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control and Artificial Intelligence
Three Illustrations of Artificial Life's Working Hypothesis
Evolution and Biocomputation, Computational Models of Evolution
A classification framework of adaptation in multi-agent systems
CIA'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Cooperative Information Agents
Some problems in organic coding theory
General Theory of Information Transfer and Combinatorics
Hi-index | 0.00 |
We evaluate whether John Holland's Echo model exemplifies his theory of complex adaptive systems. After reviewing Holland's theory of complex adaptive systems and describing his Echo model, we describe and explain the characteristic evolutionary behavior observed in a series of Echo model runs. We conclude that Echo lacks the diversity of hierarchically organized aggregates that typify complex adaptive systems, and we explore possible explanations for this failure.