CommandTalk: a spoken-language interface for battlefield simulations
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
Gemini: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding
ACL '93 Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Precise n-gram probabilities from stochastic context-free grammars
ACL '94 Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Compiling language models from a linguistically motivated unification grammar
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
The CommandTalk spoken dialogue system
ACL '99 Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics
Visual Salience and Reference Resolution in Simulated 3-D Environments
Artificial Intelligence Review
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We describe robustness techniques used in the CommandTalk system at the recognition level, the parsing level, and the dialogue level, and how these were influenced by the lack of domain data. We used interviews with subject matter experts (SME's) to develop a single grammar for recognition, understanding, and generation, thus eliminating the need for a robust parser. We broadened the coverage of the recognition grammar by allowing word insertions and deletions, and we implemented clarification and correction subdialogues to increase robustness at the dialogue level. We discuss the applicability of these techniques to other domains.