Cognitive systems engineering
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This paper introduces high-throughput screening of biological samples in life sciences, as a domain for analysis of human-robot interaction (HRI) and development of usable human interface design principles. High-throughput screening (HTS) processes involve use of robotics and highly automated analytical measurement devices to transport and chemically evaluate biological compounds for potential use as drug derivatives. Humans act as supervisory controllers in HTS processes by performing test planning and device programming prior to experiments, systems monitoring, and real-time process intervention and error correction to maintain experiment safety and output. Process errors are infrequent but can be costly. Two forms of cognitive task analysis were applied to a highly automated HTS process to address different classes of errors, including goal-directed task analysis to describe critical operator decisions and information requirements and abstraction hierarchy modeling to represent HTS process devices and automation integrated in screening lines. The outcomes of the analyses were used as bases for generating supervisory control interface design recommendations to improve existing system usefulness and usability.