An image authentication scheme based on digital watermarking and image secret sharing
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Several image authentication schemes are either vulnerable to attacks or sacrifice localization accuracy to improve security. In this paper, we proposed a scheme that not only thwarts all kinds of attacks such as vector quantization(VQ) and oracle attack in order to satisfy the security but also ensures superior accuracy of tamper localization. It is effective because the detection is based on a hierarchical structure so that the accuracy of tamper localization can be ensured. That is, if a tampered pixel is not detected in level-4, it will be detected in level 3, level 2 or level 1 with a probability of nearly 1. The method can detect any tampered pixel and the size of 2x2 pixel block with a missing rate less than 0.78% and 0.19% respectively, and the missing rate of more than or equal the size of 4x4 pixel block is approximately close to 0. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly sensitive to intentional tampering and the embedding watermarking is imperceptive.