A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks
MSWiM '99 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Caching strategies in on-demand routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Smooth is better than sharp: a random mobility model for simulation of wireless networks
MSWIM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
MSWiM '02 Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Mobility modeling in wireless networks: categorization, smooth movement, and border effects
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
The Node Distribution of the Random Waypoint Mobility Model for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Urban pedestrian mobility for mobile wireless network simulation
Ad Hoc Networks
An analysis of human mobility using real traces
WCNC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE conference on Wireless Communications & Networking Conference
A generalized framework for throughput analysis in sparse mobile networks
WiOPT'09 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks
Performance evaluation of routing protocols based on realistic traces from driving simulator
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
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Simulation has become an indispensable tool in the design and evaluation of mobile systems. By using mobility models that describe constituent movement, one can explore large systems, producing repeatable results for comparison between alternatives. In this paper, we show that a large class of mobility models—including all those in which nodal speed and distance or destination are chosen independently—have a transient period in which the average node speed decreases until converging to some long-term average. This speed decay provides an unsound basis for simulation studies that collect results averaged over time, complicating the experimental process. In this paper, we derive a general framework for describing this decay and apply it to a number of cases.Furthermore, this framework allows us to transform a given mobility model into a stationary one by initializing the simulation using the steady-state speed distribution and using the original speed distribution subsequently. This transformation completely eliminates the transient period and the decay in average node speed and, thus, provides sound models for the simulation of mobile systems.