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This paper presents the implementation and performance of a hardware-VIA-based network adapter on Gigabit Ethernet. VIA is a useer-level communication interface for high performance PC clustering. The network adapter is a 64-bit/66 MHz PCI plug-in card containing an FPGA for the VIA Protocol Engine and a Gigabit Ethernet chip to construct a high performance system area network. The network adapter performs virtual-to-physical address translation, doorbell, RDMA write, and send/receive completion operations in hardware without kernel intervention. In particular, the Address Translation Table (ATT) is stored on the local memory of the network adapter, and the VIA Protocol Engine efficiently controls the address translation process by directly accessing the ATT. In addition, Address Prefetch Buffer is used to reduce the time of address translation process in the receiver. As a result, the communication overhead during send/receive transactions is greatly reduced. Our experimental results show a minimum latency of 8.2 µs, and a maximum bandwidth of 112.1 MB/s. In terms of minimum latency, the hardware-VIA-based network adapter performs 2.8 times and 3.3 times faster than M-VIA, which is a software implementation of VIA, and TCP/IP, respectively, over Gigabit Ethernet. In addition, the maximum bandwidth of the hardware-VIA-based network adapter is 24% and 55% higher than M-VIA and TCP/IP, respectively. These results show that the performance of HVIA-GE is far better than that of ServerNet II, which is a hardware version of VIA developed by Tandem/Compaq.