TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Cellular IP: a new approach to Internet host mobility
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
HAWAII: a domain-based approach for supporting mobility in wide-area wireless networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An empirical analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer handoff process
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Reducing MAC layer handoff latency in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Mobility management & wireless access protocols
Comparison of IP micromobility protocols
IEEE Wireless Communications
Low-latency mobile IP handoff for infrastructure-mode wireless LANs
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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This paper presents the design and implementation of a low latency layer-3 handoff scheme for 802.11 wireless mobiles roaming between Access Points that are connected to different IP subnets. Called LIHP (Link-layer Initiated Handoff Protocol), the scheme uses link-layer frames (e.g., ARP and 802.11 management frames) as triggers to send route updates to the mobiles and to an Access Gateway, which serves as the gateway to the Internet for the mobiles. This approach allows for IP packet routing to and from a mobile to begin immediately after the mobile establishes a link-layer association with a new Access Point. Furthermore, the design does not require any modification to the mobiles. Each mobile is assigned a single IP address and maintains its IP address as it moves from one Access Point to another, thus preserving TCP connections across handoffs. The Access Points (called Access Routers in LIHP) and the Access Gateway cooperate to track each mobile and forward packets using IP tunnelling. Experimental results from a prototype implementation show that the scheme can achieve layer-3 handoff latency on the order of a few milliseconds.