Human-powered wearable computing
IBM Systems Journal
A Compact, Wireless, Self-Powered Pushbutton Controller
UbiComp '01 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Parasitic Power Harvesting in Shoes
ISWC '98 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Energy Scavenging for Mobile and Wireless Electronics
IEEE Pervasive Computing
An Ultra-Low Power, Optically-Interrogated Smart Tagging and Identification System
AUTOID '05 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies
Invited Talk: Thermal Energy Harvesting with Thermo Life
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
Thin Film Piezoelectric Energy Scavenging Systems for Long Term Medical Monitoring
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
Rotating and Gyroscopic MEMS Energy Scavenging
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Perpetual environmentally powered sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
An Interactive Music Environment for Large Groups with Giveaway Wireless Motion Sensors
Computer Music Journal
Parasitic mobility for pervasive sensor networks
PERVASIVE'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pervasive Computing
A quantitative investigation of inertial power harvesting for human-powered devices
UbiComp '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Interactive generator: a self-powered haptic feedback device
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Battery-aware power management techniques for wearable haptic nodes
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Body Area Networks
A practical theory of micro-solar power sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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This article outlines several projects aimed at generating electrical energy by passively tapping a variety of human body sources and activities. After summarizing different energy harvesting modalities and techniques, I spotlight work done in my research group at the MIT Media Laboratory, including a system that scavenges electricity from the forces exerted on a shoe during walking. This system uses a flexible piezoelectric foil stave to harness sole-bending energy and a reinforced PZT dimorph to capture heel-strike energy. The piezoelectric generators drive a battery-less, active RF tag, which transmits a short-range wireless ID while walking, thereby enabling location based services and active environments. Other systems that we have developed are also discussed, including a battery-less pushbutton that can send an RF ID code with a single push, sensor nodes that harvest mobility rather than energy, and power management schemes that exploit sensor diversity to achieve energy efficiency.