Trunking of TDM and narrowband services over IP Networks
International Journal of Network Management
Circuit Emulation Over IP Networks
PfHSN '99 Proceedings of the IFIP TC6 WG6.1 & WG6.4 / IEEE ComSoc TC on on Gigabit Networking Sixth International Workshop on Protocols for High Speed Networks VI
Circuit emulation services over ethernet-part 1: clock synchronization using timestamps
International Journal of Network Management
Circuit emulation services over ethernet-part 2: prototype and experimental results
International Journal of Network Management
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In this paper, we present a clock synchronization scheme based on a simple linear process model which describes the behaviors of clocks at a transmitter and a receiver. In the clock synchronization scheme, a transmitter sends explicit time indications or timestamps to a receiver, which uses them to synchronize its local clock to that of the transmitter. Here, it is assumed that there is no common network clock available to the transmitter and the receiver and, instead, the receiver relies on locking its clock to the arrival of the timestamps sent by the transmitter. The clock synchronization algorithm used by the receiver is based on a weighted least-squares criterion. Using this algorithm, the receiver observes and processes several consecutive clock samples (timestamps) to generate accurate timing signals. This algorithm is very efficient computationally, and requires the storage of only a small number of clock samples in order to generate accurate timing signals.