International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks - Selected Papers in Innovations and Real-Time Applications of Distributed Sensor Networks
SGF: A state-free gradient-based forwarding protocol for wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Beacon-less geographic routing made practical: challenges, design guidelines, and protocols
IEEE Communications Magazine
Firework search for location aided routing enhancement in mobile ad-hoc networks
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international workshop on Mobility management and wireless access
Effective geographic routing in wireless sensor networks with innacurate location information
ADHOC-NOW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ad-hoc, mobile, and wireless networks
Combining trust with location information for routing in wireless sensor networks
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
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Geographic routing in wireless sensor networks is based on the prerequisite that every node has information about its current position, for instance via GPS or some localization algorithm. This location information has a certain degree of inaccuracy in real deployments. The majority of geographic routing algorithms, however, has been designed for nodes with exact position information. We show that location errors yield bad performance or even complete failures. Two elaborated geographic routing algorithms for sensor networks, GPSR and BGR, are evaluated with the nodes having inaccurate location information, varying the standard deviation of the position error between zero and the transmission range. Simulation studies show a vast decrease of the packet delivery ratio. To enhance both algorithms, fixes for them are presented to improve the delivery ratio and to save energy in case of location errors.