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Ethics and Information Technology
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Rule-based ethical theories like Kant's appear to be promising for machine ethics because of thecomputational structure of their judgments. Kant's categorical imperative is a procedure for mapping actionplans (maxims) onto traditional deontic categories--forbidden, permissible, obligatory--by a simpleconsistency test on the maxim. This test alone, however, would be trivial. We might enhance it by adding adeclarative set of "buttressing" rules. The ethical judgment is then an outcome of the consistency test, inlight of the supplied rules. While this kind of test can generate nontrivial results, it might do no morethan reflect the prejudices of the builder of the declarative set; the machine will "reason"straightforwardly, but not intelligently. A more promising (though speculative) option would be to build amachine with the power of nonmonotonic inference. But this option too faces formal challenges. The authordiscusses these challenges to a rule-based machine ethics, starting from a Kantian framework. This article is part of a special issue on Machine Ethics.