MACAW: a media access protocol for wireless LAN's
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X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks
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Ultra-low duty cycle MAC with scheduled channel polling
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
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ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Analyzing MAC protocols for low data-rate applications
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Applications for wireless sensor networks have notably different characteristics and requirements from standard WLAN applications. Low energy consumption is the most important consideration. The low message rate that is typical for sensor network applications and the relaxed latency requirements allow for significant reductions in energy consumption of the radio. In this article we study the energy saved by two MAC protocols optimized for wireless sensor networks, S-MAC and T-MAC, in comparison to standard CSMA/CA, We also report on the effects of low-power listening, a physical layer optimization, in combination with these MAC protocols. The comparison is based on extensive simulation driven by traffic that varies over time and location; sensor nodes are inactive unless they observe some physical event, or send status updates to the sink node providing the connection to the wired world. T-MAC in combination with low-power listening saves most energy, but can not handle the same peak loads as CSMA/CA and S-MAC.