A survey of practical issues in underwater networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
The softwater modem: a software modem for underwater acoustic communication: short paper
Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Workshop on UnderWater Networks
Adaptive token polling MAC protocol for wireless underwater networks
ISWPC'09 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Wireless pervasive computing
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Tones for real: Managing multipath in underwater acoustic wakeup
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Underwater acoustic communications systems are significantly challenged by the acoustic propagation characteristics of the underwater environment. There are a wide range of physical processes that impact underwater acoustic communications and the relative importance of these processes are different in different environments. In this paper some relevant propagation phenomena are described in the context of how they impact the development and/or performance of underwater acoustic communications networks. The speed of sound and channel latency, absorption and spreading losses, waveguide effects and multipath, surface scattering, bubbles, and ambient noise are all briefly discussed.