Information theory applied to the conversion of decision tables to computer programs
Communications of the ACM
Information Theory and Reliable Communication
Information Theory and Reliable Communication
Applications of information theory to pattern recognition and the design of decision trees and trellises
Large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition: the sphinx system
Large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition: the sphinx system
Modelling context dependency in acoustic-phonetic and lexical representations
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Context dependent modeling of phones in continuous speech using decision trees
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Contextually-based data-derived pronunciation networks for automatic speech recognition
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Predicting unseen triphones with senones
ICASSP'93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech, and signal processing: speech processing - Volume II
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In this paper we describe a method for automatically discovering subsets of contextual factors which, taken together, are useful for predicting the realizations, or pronunciations, of English words for continuous speech recognition. A decision tree is used for organizing contextual descriptions of phonological variation. This representation enables us to categorize different realizations according to the context in which they appear in the corpus. In addition, this organization permits us to consider simplifications such as pruning and branch clustering, leading to parsimonious descriptions that better predict allophones in these contexts. We created trees to examine the working assumption that preceding phoneme and following phoneme provide important contexts, as exemplified by the use of triphones in hidden Markov models; our results were in general accordance with the assumption. However, we found that other contexts also play a significant role in phoneme realizations.