Dynamic Diaschisis: Anatomically Remote and Context-Sensitive Human Brain Lesions
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Abnormal Functional Activation During a Simple Word Repetition Task: A PET Study of Adult Dyslexics
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Semantic System: Divisible by What?
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Development of Brain Mechanisms for Processing Orthographic and Phonologic Representations
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Neural Correlates of Auditory Repetition Priming: Reduced fMRI Activation in the Auditory Cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Common Neural Mechanisms for Response Selection and Perceptual Processing
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
A Cross-Linguistic fMRI Study of Spectral and Temporal Cues Underlying Phonological Processing
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Dissociating Verbal and Nonverbal Conceptual Processing in the Human Brain
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Modality-and task-specific brain regions involved in chinese lexical processing
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual and semantic processing of living things and artifacts: An fmri study
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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Several previous functional imaging experiments have demonstrated that auditory presentation of speech, relative to tones or scrambled speech, activate the superior temporal sulci (STS) bilaterally. In this study, we attempted to segregate the neural responses to phonological, lexical, and semantic input by contrasting activation elicited by heard words, meaningless syllables, and environmental sounds. Inevitable differences between the duration and amplitude of each stimulus type were controlled with auditory noise bursts matched to each activation stimulus. Half the subjects were instructed to say "okay" in response to presentation of all stimuli. The other half repeated back the words and syllables, named the source of the sounds, and said "okay" to the control stimuli (noise bursts). We looked for stimulus effects that were consistent across task. The results revealed that central regions in the STS were equally responsive to speech (words and syllables) and familiar sounds, whereas the posterior and anterior regions of the left superior temporal gyrus were more active for speech. The effect of semantic input was small but revealed more activation in the inferior temporal cortex for words and familiar sounds than syllables and noise. In addition, words (relative to syllables, sounds, and noise) enhanced activation in the temporo-parietal areas that have previously been linked to modality independent semantic processing. Thus, in cognitive terms, we dissociate phonological (speech) and semantic responses and propose that word specificity arises from functional integration among shared phonological and semantic areas.