AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Computers and Biomedical Research
A developmental functional mri study of prefrontal activation during performance of a go-no-go task
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Working Memory is Shaped by Functional Connectivity
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Common Neural Substrates for Response Selection across Modalities and Mapping Paradigms
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
An Event-Related fMRI Investigation of Implicit Semantic Priming
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Timing of Action-Monitoring Processes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
First- and Second-language Phonological Representations in the Mental Lexicon
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Item retrieval and competition in noun and verb generation: An fmri study
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
General-purpose monitoring during speech production
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Electrophysiological chronometry of semantic context effects in language production
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Action concepts in the brain: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Neurobiological systems for lexical representation and analysis in english
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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Studies of a range of higher cognitive functions consistently activate a region of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), typically posterior to the genu and superior to the corpus collosum. In particular, this ACC region appears to be active in task situations where there is a need to override a prepotent response tendency, when responding is underdetermined, and when errors are made. We have hypothesized that the function of this ACC region is to monitor for the presence of "crosstalk" or competition between incompatible responses. In prior work, we provided initial support for this hypothesis, demonstrating ACC activity in the same region both during error trials and during correct trials in task conditions designed to elicit greater response competition. In the present study, we extend our testing of this hypothesis to task situations involving underdetermined responding. Specifically, 14 healthy control subjects performed a verb-generation task during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with the on-line acquisition of overt verbal responses. The results demonstrated that the ACC, and only the ACC, was more active in a series of task conditions that elicited competition among alternative responses. These conditions included a greater ACC response to: (1) Nouns categorized as low vs. high constraint (i.e., during a norming study, multiple verbs were produced with equal frequency vs. a single verb that produced much more frequently than any other); (2) the production of verbs that were weak associates, rather than, strong associates of particular nouns; and (3) the production of verbs that were weak associates for nouns categorized as high constraint. We discuss the implication of these results for understanding the role that the ACC plays in human cognition.