A scalable HTTP server: the NCSA prototype
Selected papers of the first conference on World-Wide Web
An application level video gateway
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia
Adapting to network and client variability via on-demand dynamic distillation
Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Cluster-based scalable network services
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Predicting MPEG execution times
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
An active service framework and its application to real-time multimedia transcoding
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Multimedia Web services for mobile clients using quality aware transcoding
WOWMOM '99 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile multimedia
Scheduling and Load Balancing in Parallel and Distributed Systems
Scheduling and Load Balancing in Parallel and Distributed Systems
A Cluster-Based Active Router Architecture
IEEE Micro
Adaptive Load Sharing for Clustered Digital Library Servers
HPDC '98 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
A Cluster-Based Active Router Architecture Supporting Video/Audio Stream Transcoding Service
IPDPS '03 Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Performance Guarantees for Cluster-Based Internet Services
ICDCS '03 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Real-time interactive MPEG-4 system encoder using a cluster ofworkstations
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
The JOURNEY active network model
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Hash routing for collections of shared Web caches
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Effect of Database Server Arrangement to the Performance of Load Balancing Systems
ICA3PP '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing
Developing the KMKE knowledge management system based on design patterns and parallel processing
ICIC'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Emerging intelligent computing technology and applications
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Bonded deficit round robin scheduling for multi-channel networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
HTCPNs: based tool for web-server clusters development
CEE-SET'08 Proceedings of the Third IFIP TC 2 Central and East European conference on Software engineering techniques
E-AHRW: An Energy-Efficient Adaptive Hash Scheduler for Stream Processing on Multi-core Servers
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM/IEEE Seventh Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
An efficient parallelized L7-filter design for multicore servers
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An adaptive multimedia streaming dissemination system for vehicular networks
Applied Soft Computing
International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering
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We consider a cluster-based multimedia Web server that dynamically generates video units to satisfy the bit rate and bandwidth requirements of a variety of clients. The media server partitions the job into several tasks and schedules them on the backend computing nodes for processing. For stream-based applications, the main design criteria of the scheduling are to minimize the total processing time and maintain the order of media units for each outgoing stream. In this paper, we first design, implement, and evaluate three scheduling algorithms, First Fit (FF), Stream-based Mapping (SM), and Adaptive Load Sharing (ALS), for multimedia transcoding in a cluster environment. We determined that it is necessary to predict the CPU load for each multimedia task and schedule them accordingly due to the variability of the individual jobs/tasks. We, therefore, propose an online prediction algorithm that can dynamically predict the processing time per individual task (media unit). We then propose two new load scheduling algorithms, namely, Prediction-based Least Load First (P-LLF) and Prediction-based Adaptive Partitioning (P-AP), which can use prediction to improve the performance. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of system throughput, out-of-order rate of outgoing media streams, and load balancing overhead through real measurements using a cluster of computers. The performance of the new load balancing algorithms is compared with all other load balancing schemes to show that P-AP greatly reduces the delay jitter and achieves high throughput for a variety of workloads in a heterogeneous cluster. It strikes a good balance between the throughput and output order of the processed media units.