A framework for scalable global IP-anycast (GIA)
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Application-layer anycasting: a server selection architecture and use in a replicated Web service
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Delayed Internet routing convergence
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the use and performance of content distribution networks
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Internet indirection infrastructure
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
King: estimating latency between arbitrary internet end hosts
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
PlanetLab: an overlay testbed for broad-coverage services
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Locating internet routing instabilities
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A performance evaluation of BGP-based traffic engineering
International Journal of Network Management
Towards a global IP anycast service
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Towards an evolvable internet architecture
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
ClosestNode.com: an open access, scalable, shared geocast service for distributed systems
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
A software approach to distributing requests for DNS service using GNU Zebra, ISC BIND 9 FreeBSD
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
OASIS: anycast for any service
NSDI'06 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 3
Inbound traffic engineering for multihomed ASs using AS path prepending
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web
On the difficulty of finding the nearest peer in p2p systems
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Anycast-aware transport for content delivery networks
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
Distributed media server architecture for SIP using IP anycast
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Principles, Systems and Applications of IP Telecommunications
A DNS reflection method for global traffic management
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
A Practical Architecture for an Anycast CDN
ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)
A practical solution to the client-LDNS mismatch problem
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Measuring query latency of top level DNS servers
PAM'13 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Passive and Active Measurement
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Despite its growing use in critical infrastructure services, the performance of IP(v4) Anycast and its interaction with IP routing practices is not well understood. In this paper, we present the results of a detailed measurement study of IP Anycast. Our study uses a two-pronged approach. First, using a variant of known latency estimation techniques, we measure the performance of current commercially operational IP Anycast deployments from a large number (20,000) of vantage points. Second, we deploy our own small-scale anycast service that allows us to perform controlled tests under different deployment and failure scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the first large-scale evaluation of existing anycast services and the first evaluation of the behavior of IP Anycast under failure.We find that: (1) IP Anycast, if deployed in an ad-hoc manner, does not offer good latency-based proximity, (2) IP Anycast, if deployed in an ad-hoc manner, does not provide fast failover to clients, (3) IP Anycast typically offers good affinity to all clients with the exception of those that explicitly load balance traffic across multiple providers, (4) IP Anycast, by itself, is not effective in balancing client load across multiple sites. We thus propose and evaluate practical means by which anycast deployments can achieve good proximity, fast failover and control over the distribution of client load. Overall, our results suggest that an IP Anycast service, if deployed carefully, can offer good proximity, load balance, and failover behavior.