Wide-Range, Person- and Illumination-Insensitive Head Orientation Estimation
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Comparative Study of Coarse Head Pose Estimation
MOTION '02 Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion and Video Computing
Using Particles to Track Varying Numbers of Interacting People
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Evaluating Multi-Object Tracking
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Tracking multiple humans in crowded environment
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Estimating the lecturer's head pose in seminar scenarios – a multi-view approach
MLMI'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Determining driver visual attention with one camera
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
ICMI '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Monitoring visual focus of attention via local discriminant projection
MIR '08 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Locating nose-tips and estimating head poses in images by tensorposes
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Three-dimensional face pose detection and tracking using monocular videos: tool and application
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on cybernetics and cognitive informatics
International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Visual focus of attention recognition in the ambient kitchen
ACCV'09 Proceedings of the 9th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Visual tracking of numerous targets via multi-Bernoulli filtering of image data
Pattern Recognition
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Estimating the wandering visual focus of attention (WVFOA) for multiple people is an important problem with many applications in human behavior understanding. One such application, addressed in this paper, monitors the attention of passers-by to outdoor advertisements. This paper investigates the problem of tracking the wandering visual focus-of-attention (VFOA) of multiple people, an important problem with many applications in human behavior understanding. We address the specific problem of monitoring attention to outdoor advertisements. To solve the WVFOA problem, we propose a multi-person tracking approach based on a hybrid Dynamic Bayesian Network that simultaneously infers the number of people in the scene, their body and head locations, and their head pose, in a joint state-space formulation that is amenable for person interaction modeling. The model exploits both global measurements and individual observations for the VFOA. For inference in the resulting high-dimensional state-space, we propose a trans-dimensional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling scheme, which not only handles a varying number of people, but also efficiently searches the state-space by allowing person-part state updates. Our model was rigorously evaluated for tracking and its ability to recognize when people look at an outdoor advertisement using a realistic data set.