A three-valued logic for software specification and validation
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Software architecture: perspectives on an emerging discipline
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OOPSLA '01 Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Extended static checking for Java
PLDI '02 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference on Programming language design and implementation
Computer
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TACAS 2001 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
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SEFM '05 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods
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FMCO'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Formal Methods for Components and Objects
ESC/Java2: uniting ESC/Java and JML
CASSIS'04 Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Construction and Analysis of Safe, Secure, and Interoperable Smart Devices
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ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
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Companion to the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems and applications companion
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Journal of Automated Reasoning
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The earlier errors are found, the less costly they are to fix. This also holds true of errors in specifications. While research into Static Program Verification (SPV) in general, and Extended Static Checking (ESC) in particular, has made great strides in recent years, there is little support for detecting errors in specifications beyond ordinary type checking. This paper reports on recent enhancements that we have made to ESC/Java2, enabling it to report errors in JML specifications due to (method or Java operator) precondition violations and this, at a level of diagnostics that is on par with its ability to report such errors in program code. The enhancements also now make it possible for ESC/Java2 to report errors in specifications for which no corresponding source is available. Applying this new feature to, e.g., the JML specifications of classes in java.*, reveals over 50 errors, including inconsistencies. We describe the adjustment to the assertion semantics necessary to make this possible, and we provide an account of the (rather small) design changes needed to realize the enhancements.