GloMoSim: a library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks
PADS '98 Proceedings of the twelfth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks
DIALM '99 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications
Vibration-to-electric energy conversion
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Online power-aware routing in wireless Ad-hoc networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
A Compact, Wireless, Self-Powered Pushbutton Controller
UbiComp '01 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
Ambient intelligence: industrial research on a visionary concept
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
An environmental energy harvesting framework for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Geometric ad-hoc routing: of theory and practice
Proceedings of the twenty-second annual symposium on Principles of distributed computing
A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Utilizing Solar Power in Wireless Sensor Networks
LCN '03 Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Energy-efficient forwarding strategies for geographic routing in lossy wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Efficient geographic routing in multihop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
The capacity of wireless networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Node reclamation and replacement for long-lived sensor networks
SECON'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
An energy-aware geographic routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc network
WiCOM'09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless communications, networking and mobile computing
Managing traffic growth in solar powered wireless mesh networks
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Towards reliable scheduling schemes for long-lived replaceable sensor networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
A simulation model of the sustainable mobile sensor network
SpringSim '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Spring Simulation Multiconference
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Wireless sensor networks are characterized by multihop wireless lossy links and resource constrained nodes. Energy efficiency is a major concern in such networks. In this paper, we study Geographic Routing with Environmental Energy Supply (GREES) and propose two protocols, GREES-L and GREES-M, which combine geographic routing and energy-aware routing techniques and take into account the realistic lossy wireless channel condition and the renewal capability of environmental energy supply when making routing decisions. Simulation results show that GREESs are more energy efficient than the corresponding residual energy based protocols and geographic routing protocols without energy awareness. GREESs can maintain higher mean residual energy on nodes, and achieve better load balancing in terms of having smaller standard deviation of residual energy on nodes. Both GREES-L and GREES-M exhibit graceful degradation on end-to-end delay, but do not compromise the end-to-end throughput performance.