SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Route flap damping exacerbates internet routing convergence
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Analysis of link failures in an IP backbone
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Backup Path Allocation Based on a Correlated Link Failure Probability Model in Overlay Networks
ICNP '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Experimental Study of Internet Stability and Backbone Failures
FTCS '99 Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing
Internet connectivity at the AS-level: an optimization-driven modeling approach
MoMeTools '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Models, methods and tools for reproducible network research
Best-path vs. multi-path overlay routing
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
In search of path diversity in ISP networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Impact of Path Diversity on Multi-homed and Overlay Networks
DSN '04 Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
A comparison of overlay routing and multihoming route control
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Improving web availability for clients with MONET
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Improving the reliability of internet paths with one-hop source routing
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
End-to-end WAN service availability
USITS'01 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3
Achieving Fast BGP Reroute with Traffic Engineering Using Multiple Routing Planes
IPOM '08 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE international workshop on IP Operations and Management
Enhancing end-to-end availability and performance via topology-aware overlay networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Weighted size-aware packet distribution for multipath live streaming
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
A tutorial on reliability in publish/subscribe services
Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems
Interconnecting Federated Clouds by Using Publish-Subscribe Service
Cluster Computing
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Several research studies have been devoted to improving the reliability and performance of the Internet by utilizing redundant communication paths between end points. Multihoming, coupled with intelligent route control, and overlay networks are two main streams in this area of research which attempt to leverage redundant connections of the Internet for increased reliability and performance. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the natural diversity of redundant paths between two endhosts in terms of physical links, routing infrastructure, administrative control, and geographical distribution. Even in the case of redundant paths, if traffic between two hosts is not actually routed along completely disjoint paths, congestion or failure of a single shared link or router can adversely affect the end-to-end performance or availability of all paths. This paper presents an experimental study of path diversity on the Internet, focusing on the impact of path diversity on multihomed and overlay networks. We base our analysis on traceroutes and routing table data collected from several vantage points in the Internet including: looking glasses at 10 major Internet Service Providers (ISPs), RouteViews servers from 20 ISPs, and more than 50 PlanetLab nodes globally distributed across the Internet. Using this data, we quantify the extent of path diversity in multihoming and overlay networks, highlighting the limitations, and also identifying the source of the limitations in these architectures. From the analysis, we learn that both multihoming route control and current overlay networks are not able to ensure path diversity, which makes it very difficult to provide high-availability services even with the use of these systems. We believe that this work provides the insight into building future systems based on understanding path diversity.