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This paper proposes a multi-agent model to manage agricultural territories in order to reduce damage caused by runoff and floods processes. The proposed approach consists in optimizing the distribution of crops in a territory based on a multi-agent optimization approach. A group of agents represents each type of crop. The objective of an agent group is to occupy a total surface of parcels to achieve its objectives of production while reducing the value of risk for the whole watershed. Some agronomic, economic and hydrologic constraints restrict the behavior of agents and must be satisfied during the optimization process. The value of runoff risk is evaluated by a spatial hydrological model at the level of the Digital Terrain Model. Three optimization strategies based on Tabu search are developed and tested using real data. They provide satisfactory solutions in various computation times.