Distributed architectures for electronic cash schemes: a survey
International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems
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In this paper, we propose an on-line e-coin system with four parties: Consumer, Merchant, Bank and Issuer. The proposed system not only circulates anonymous e-coins but also protects the profits of the Merchant and the Consumer during a transaction. An e-coin, consisting of a secret value c and a public value c'= h(c) where h() is a secure one-way hash function with collision resistant property, is generated by its owner. The public value of a legal e-coin is published on the bulletin board of Issuer. Only the owner who releases the secret values of the published e-coins can spend money. Instead of Bank, Issuer has to be on-line to verify and replace the public values of the Consumer's e-coins with the Merchant's while the Consumer pays money to the Merchant in a transaction. Such a replacement represents that the coins are passed from one person to another.