A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Modeling and Rendering for Realistic Facial Animation
Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000
A parametric model for human faces.
A parametric model for human faces.
Universal capture: image-based facial animation for "The Matrix Reloaded"
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications
Realistic human face rendering for "The Matrix Reloaded"
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications
Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Face transfer with multilinear models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Reflectance field rendering of human faces for "Spider-Man 2"
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Sketches
Implementing a skin BSSRDF: (or several...)
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Animatable facial reflectance fields
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Image-based BRDF measurement including human skin
EGWR'99 Proceedings of the 10th Eurographics conference on Rendering
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By far the most challenging aspect of a photoreal actor is the creation of a digital face that can stand up to close scrutiny. The human face is an extremely complex biomechanical system that is very difficult to model. Human skin has unique reflectance properties that are challenging to simulate accurately. Moreover the face can convey subtle emotions through minute motions. We do not know the control mechanism of these motions. All these issues combine to make the human face one of the most challenging object to model using computer graphics.