Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time manipulation of texture-mapped surfaces
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Layered construction for deformable animated characters
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Feature-based image metamorphosis
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Video Rewrite: driving visual speech with audio
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Head shop: generating animated head models with anatomical structure
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Trainable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Real-Time Physically-Based Facial Expression Animation Using Mass-Spring System
CGI '01 Computer Graphics International 2001
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Real-Time Facial Animation based upon a Bank of 3D Facial Expressions
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Animation of Synthetic Faces in MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Vision-based control of 3D facial animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Universal capture: image-based facial animation for "The Matrix Reloaded"
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications
Realistic human face rendering for "The Matrix Reloaded"
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications
Lip-Sync in Human Face Animation Based on Video Analysis and Spline Models
MMM '04 Proceedings of the 10th International Multimedia Modelling Conference
Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Talking Faces - Technologies and Applications
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
Reducing blendshape interference by selected motion attenuation
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Creating and Simulating Skeletal Muscle from the Visible Human Data Set
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Mood swings: expressive speech animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Geometry-Driven Photorealistic Facial Expression Synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Multimodal expressive embodied conversational agents
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Animating blendshape faces by cross-mapping motion capture data
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Design of animated pedagogical agents-A look at their look
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Model flowing: capturing and tracking of deformable geometry
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches
Model-based and image-based methods for facial image synthesis, analysis and recognition
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Intelligent expressions of emotions
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Photo-realistic talking-heads from image samples
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Speech-driven facial animation with realistic dynamics
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
A real-time automated system for the recognition of human facial expressions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Towards a Northern Sotho talking head
AFRIGRAPH '07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa
Modeling animations for dependable interactive applications
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
An efficient parametric model for real-time 3D tongue skeletal animation
WORLD-EDU'12/CIT'12 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Communications and Information Technology, and Proceedings of the 3rd World conference on Education and Educational Technologies
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
During its almost forty years of existence, facial animation has seen a host of technologies being invented, then fading into obsolescence. The modelling and animation methods have mostly been dictated by the available hardware, which greatly evolved through the years. Many animation desiderata that have been considered dreams at the time are now reality while ever new frontiers are encountered and explored. This paper provides an overview of the historically used technologies and attempts to predict the future trends in the field of facial animation as it permeates the entertainment industry with its feature films and computer games; the broad field of visualisation in science, including medical science and forensic analysis; and the fast growing field of information and communication technology and human-computer interaction.