Improved algorithms for synchronizing computer network clocks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On calibrating measurements of packet transit times
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Mobility prediction and routing in ad hoc wireless networks
International Journal of Network Management
Habitat monitoring: application driver for wireless communications technology
SIGCOMM LA '01 Workshop on Data communication in Latin America and the Caribbean
Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Estimation of Clock offset from one-way delay measurement on asymmetric paths
SAINT-W '02 Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT) Workshops
Network Time Synchronization Using Clock Offset Optimization
ICNP '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Convex Optimization
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
INFOCOM'96 Proceedings of the Fifteenth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies conference on The conference on computer communications - Volume 2
Internal Timer Synchronization for Parallel Event Tracing
Proceedings of the 15th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface
Pipeline forwarding of packets based on a low-accuracy network-distributed common time reference
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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Time synchronization is critical in distributed environments. A variety of network protocols, middleware and business applications rely on proper time synchronization across the computational infrastructure and depend on the clock accuracy. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is the current widely accepted standard for synchronizing clocks over the Internet. NTP uses a hierarchical scheme in order to synchronize the clocks in the network. In this paper we present a novel non-hierarchical peer-to-peer approach for time synchronization termed CTP--Classless Time Protocol. This approach exploits convex optimization theory in order to evaluate the impact of each clock offset on the overall objective function. We define the clock offset problem as an optimization problem and derive its optimal solution. Based on the solution we develop a distributed protocol that can be implemented over a communication network, prove its convergence to the optimal clock offsets and show its properties. For compatibility, CTP may use the packet format and number of measurements used by NTP. We also present methodology and numerical results for evaluating and comparing the accuracy of time synchronization schemes. We show that the CTP outperforms hierarchical schemes such as NTP in the sense of clock accuracy with respect to a universal clock.