Matrix analysis
Using Generative Models for Handwritten Digit Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Framework for Robust Subspace Learning
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Computational Vision at Brown University
Laplacian Eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation
Neural Computation
Think globally, fit locally: unsupervised learning of low dimensional manifolds
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Continuous nonlinear dimensionality reduction by kernel eigenmaps
IJCAI'03 Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Efficient locally linear embeddings of imperfect manifolds
MLDM'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Machine learning and data mining in pattern recognition
Face recognition using spectral features
Pattern Recognition
Robust self-tuning semi-supervised learning
Neurocomputing
Noisy manifold learning using neighborhood smoothing embedding
Pattern Recognition Letters
Feature extraction using constrained maximum variance mapping
Pattern Recognition
LDR-LLE: LLE with Low-Dimensional Neighborhood Representation
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing, Part II
Local linear transformation embedding
Neurocomputing
Stable local dimensionality reduction approaches
Pattern Recognition
Robust feature extraction via information theoretic learning
ICML '09 Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning
Robust Principal Components for Hyperspectral Data Analysis
ICIAR '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Enhanced supervised locally linear embedding
Pattern Recognition Letters
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear inlaying
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Outlier-resisting graph embedding
Neurocomputing
Finger vein recognition with manifold learning
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
A nonparametric learning approach to range sensing from omnidirectional vision
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
Weighted locally linear embedding for plant leaf visualization
ICIC'10 Proceedings of the Advanced intelligent computing theories and applications, and 6th international conference on Intelligent computing
Locally linear embedding: a survey
Artificial Intelligence Review
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision - Volume part II
Weighted principal component extraction with genetic algorithms
Applied Soft Computing
Geometrically local embedding in manifolds for dimension reduction
Pattern Recognition
Evolutionary kernel density regression
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Neighborhood selection and eigenvalues for embedding data complex in low dimension
ACIIDS'12 Proceedings of the 4th Asian conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems - Volume Part I
About eigenvalues from embedding data complex in low dimension
ICSI'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Swarm Intelligence - Volume Part II
Neurocomputing
Improved locally linear embedding by cognitive geometry
LSMS'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation
Journal of Information Science
Statistical shape model for manifold regularization: Gleason grading of prostate histology
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Regularized discriminant entropy analysis
Pattern Recognition
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In the past few years, some nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) or nonlinear manifold learning methods have aroused a great deal of interest in the machine learning community. These methods are promising in that they can automatically discover the low-dimensional nonlinear manifold in a high-dimensional data space and then embed the data points into a low-dimensional embedding space, using tractable linear algebraic techniques that are easy to implement and are not prone to local minima. Despite their appealing properties, these NLDR methods are not robust against outliers in the data, yet so far very little has been done to address the robustness problem. In this paper, we address this problem in the context of an NLDR method called locally linear embedding (LLE). Based on robust estimation techniques, we propose an approach to make LLE more robust. We refer to this approach as robust locally linear embedding (RLLE). We also present several specific methods for realizing this general RLLE approach. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world data show that RLLE is very robust against outliers.