The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
Position specific posterior lattices for indexing speech
ACL '05 Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Analysis and processing of lecture audio data: preliminary investigations
SpeechIR '04 Proceedings of the Workshop on Interdisciplinary Approaches to Speech Indexing and Retrieval at HLT-NAACL 2004
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The paper presents the Position Specific Posterior Lattice (PSPL), a novel lossy representation of automatic speech recognition lattices that naturally lends itself to efficient indexing and subsequent relevance ranking of spoken documents.In experiments performed on a collection of lecture recordings --- MIT iCampus data --- the spoken document ranking accuracy was improved by 20% relative over the commonly used baseline of indexing the 1-best output from an automatic speech recognizer.The inverted index built from PSPL lattices is compact --- about 20% of the size of 3-gram ASR lattices and 3% of the size of the uncompressed speech --- and it allows for extremely fast retrieval. Furthermore, little degradation in performance is observed when pruning PSPL lattices, resulting in even smaller indexes --- 5% of the size of 3-gram ASR lattices.